Cause of the melamine

Cause of the melamine What is the cause of the melamine incident which triggered many countries? The melamine incident was initially centred on Sanlu, a Hebei-based dairy company, whose melamine-contaminated baby milk powder had sickened a growing number of infants. Nationwide inspections later found that milk powder from 21 dairy companies including Mengniu and Yili are also contaminated. Two giant processing companies — Mengniu Dairy Group Co. and Yili Industrial Group Co. — control nearly 60 percent of the total market for milk, yogurt and other dairy products, according to Beijing Orient Agribusiness Consultant Co. But in the past three years, prices for feed, fuel and other costs rose — feed by as much as 30 percent. Further pressures came last year when Beijing enacted price controls to tame double-digit inflation for food. Milk collectors found themselves squeezed between the farmers asking for more money and the processors who demanded that prices be held down, said Chen Lianfang of Orient Agribusiness. That squeeze gave suppliers incentives to tamper with the raw milk, watering it down and then adding ingredients, said Chen. Melamine, a relatively cheap binding agent used in plastics, fertilizer, and as a flame retardant, is rich in nitrogen, fooling widely used tests that check for protein. When mixed with formaldehyde, it dissolves in water. Authorities say middlemen apparently added melamine to milk they collected from farmers to sell to large dairy companies. The suppliers are accused of watering down the milk and then adding the nitrogen-rich chemical to make the milk seem higher in protein when tested. Protein tests often simply measure nitrogen levels. Melamine can cause kidney stones and lead to kidney failure in larger doses. Babies whom consumed the contaminated milk began suffering from kidney problems caused by the melamine and doctors were blaming the powdered milk. The scandal first came to light in milk powder that killed four infants and sickened more than six thousand others across China spread to liquid milk. Many countries like Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Taiwan, and Malaysia have already banned all milk products from China while a number of countries have announced recalls of a variety of goods suspected of being spiked. Singapore banned the import and sale of all Chinese milk products after some were removed from stores in Hong Kong. In late October 2008, CHINAS Health Ministry said six babies may have died after consuming tainted milk powder, up from a previous official toll of three. It also announced a sixfold increase in its tally of infants sickened in the scandal to nearly 300,000. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26859570/page/2/ http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D94064AO0show_article=1catnum=2 http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/World/Story/STIStory_281658.html http://www.newsnet.co.zw/index.php?nID=13877 Why China and Malaysia milk products are the only ones being banned? They found out that the diary products contained melamine too. SINGAPORE: The Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority (AVA) has instructed importers and retailers to withdraw all Malaysia-made Julies brand biscuits from the shelves. This comes after AVA detected the industrial chemical melamine in 12 Julies biscuit products imported from Malaysia. AVA says there are 25 types of Julies biscuits sold in Singapore, but as a precaution, it decides to recall all Julies biscuits. AVA advises consumers who have bought affected biscuits not to eat them. AVAs tests also included various types of biscuits under the major brands of Khong Guan and Meiji as well as other traditional biscuits that are manufactured in Singapore. Melamine has not been detected in these products. AVA says Lotte Koalas March Cocoa Chocolate Biscuit and Hello Kitty Strawberry Cream Filled Biscuit have been recalled since 19 September. The tainted products will be destroyed under AVAs supervision. As of 24 October, 3,200 types of milk and milk products, chocolates, biscuits, non-dairy creamers and other products imported from more than 40 countries have been taken for laboratory analysis to check for melamine. Along with five other biscuit products from Malaysia, the 12 affected Julies products form the first batch of non-China goods found tainted with melamine in Singapore since the worldwide food scandal started last month. The AVA said that the contamination in the Malaysian biscuits seems to have stemmed from tainted ammonium bicarbonate, which is used as a raising agent in confectionery. Since the AVAs latest announcement, manufacturers and importers have been scrambling to check whether their products contain leavening agents from China. http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/385183/1/.html Singapores AVA suspended the import of all milk and milk products from China and instructed retailers and importers to recall such products. Three products were found to contain melamine â€Å"White Rabbit Creamy Candy†, â€Å"Yili Brand Choice Dairy Fruit Bar Yogurt† and â€Å"Dutch Lady† strawberry-flavoured milk. Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority (AVA) has suspended the import and sale of all milk and milk products from China with immediate effect as samples of Singapore stocks of two made-in-China milk products have been found to be tainted with the potentially deadly chemical melamine. http://livinginsingaporetoday.com/686/ava-has-suspended-the-import-and-sale-of-all-milk-and-milk-products-from-china-with-immediate-effect/ SINGAPORE Singapore on Friday suspended the import and sale of all milk and milk products from China after local tests found samples containing the potentially deadly industrial chemical melamine. The Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore (AVA) said in a statement that its tests found melamine in two samples of Yili brand iced yoghurt. They also found the chemical in the Dutch Lady brand of strawberry flavoured milk manufactured in China, AVA said. Those products have been removed from market shelves and will be destroyed, the agency said. In the aftermath of Chinas milk contamination, the Agri—Food and Veterinary Authority (AVA), Singapores processed and primary food inspectorate, recently discovered that White Rabbit Creamy Candy, again manufactured in China, also contains melamine. White Rabbit is the third dairy confectionary from China which showed melamine content in AVAs laboratory tests. Yili Brand, a fruit bar yogurt and Dutch Lady, a strawberry-flavored milk have been earlier taken out of stores after they have been found to contain melamine. http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/world/09/19/08/singapore-suspends-china-milk-imports-deadly-chemical-found-yoghurt During this melamine incident, what actions did AVA (Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority) took, to prevent and minimize cases from happening in Singapore? As a precautionary measure, AVA is also suspending the import and sale of all milk and milk products from China with immediate effect, it said. Retailers and importers have been instructed to recall these products and these products will be withheld from sale until they have cleared the necessary tests. AVA said local food manufacturers have also been instructed to stop using milk and milk products from China as ingredients until the agency completes its probe. Consumers are also advised not to consume any milk and milk products from China pending AVAs investigations, it said. The AVA confirmed it would allow the import of Julies biscuits once it is sure they are safe. Singapores AVA said it advised consumers on Wednesday about a recall of the Yili yoghurt product after tests in Hong Kong found it contaminated with the chemical, which can be lethal if consumed in large amounts. http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/world/09/19/08/singapore-suspends-china-milk-imports-deadly-chemical-found-yoghurt Because melamine is an industry chemical not approved for use in food manufacture. The amount of melamine found in the ten products above is higher than what can be considered as naturally occurring. It is clear that melamine has been artificially added to adulterate these products. As melamine contamination was already uncovered in several products, AVA has suspended the import and sale of all milk and milk products from China since 19 September 2008. Retailers and importers have been instructed to recall these products and these products will be withheld from sale until such products are safe for consumption. Anyone finding such products still on sale should inform AVA immediately. There have been recent advertisements by some food companies assuring consumers on the safety of their milk or milk products manufactured in China, claiming that the milk ingredients in such products came from other countries. Companies should not make such claims unless they have been verified with AVA. AVA would like to reiterate that as long as the milk or milk products are produced in China, such products are suspended from import and sale in Singapore. AVA will not hesitate to take enforcement actions against any company who violates this ban. http://docs.google.com/gview?a=vq=cache:zicP4VhuGu8J:www.ava.gov.sg/NR/rdonlyres/5DD7CAF8-82EB-4BDF-AD50-83A556546488/22147/AVApressreleasefor30Sepappvd_website_021008.pdf+singapore+ava+moh+china+milkhl=engl=sg Local food manufacturers have also been instructed to cease the use of milk and milk products from China as ingredients. Consignments which have newly arrived or are on the way will also be withheld from sale. If the consumers have already bought the contaminated products or any other milk or milk products from China, they are advised not to consume them. Consumers should read the labels of the products to check the country of origin. If the milk or milk products are from China, consumers should not consume them. http://gardenclinic.net/gardenkids/article/Melamine.pdf Miscellaneous It has become apparent in recent days that people in China have been deliberately watering down the milk to cut costs, then adding in the melamine to boost the protein content and make the product look normal. Singapore is an island nation which imports virtually all its food.

Nanotechnology in Medicine

Nanotechnology in Medicine When thinking of Nanotechnology one could think of the movie G. I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra. In the movie Cobra steals nanotech warheads and attacks the Eiffel Tower and it is destroyed by molecule sized machines in a matter of minutes. At this point in time nanotechnology is nowhere near this far along. Nanotechnology of today is about manipulating different types of matter on a molecular scale thus making them stronger and more durable (Williamson, Kenneth D. New Products). Hopefully we’ll be able to create the nanobots of G.I. Joe in the near future but for now it is just science fiction. With the science of nanotechnology we can revolutionize the field of medicine like never before, destroy cancer in the human body without killing the host body and revolutionize diagnostic imaging technology. Nanotechnology in medicine is often referred to as Nano medicine. One of the first uses of nanotech in medicine was in the early nineties. Silver Nano crystal s were developed and used as an ant-microbial agent in healing infections (Nanotech in Med. ilver coatings). Another use is in burn treatment. The burn dressing applied to burns is loaded with nanoparticle sized antibiotics that are released when encountering a foreign organism (Nanotech in Med. ) Another positive use for preventative care is the use of â€Å"Buckyballs†. Buckyballs are an accidental discovery made by Richard Smalley in the early 1980s; they are a form of carbon which has been found to be able to purify any kind of water thus preventing people from catching water borne sicknesses (Nanotech’s Impact).Currently the fight against cancer uses the bloodstream as the delivery system for toxic drugs. A cancer patient in the process of taking these drugs is subjected to a mind numbing array of horrible side effects. In 2012 a company, Bind Biosciences submitted clinical data on their use of nanotechnology to fight cancerous tumors. Their data shows that more o f the cancer drug is delivered to the tumor and that there were marked improvements in anti-tumor activity. This process also reduced the toxicity to the patients and there was no new toxicity problems noted (Clinical Data.Bind 014). This process will eventually be able to be used with all cancer types as soon as the process is approved. In the past it was hard to determine the exact position and shape of cancer tumors and impossible to deliver cancer fighting drugs to the tumor itself. With the advancement of diagnostic imaging it is now possible to deliver these drugs directly to the tumor itself. Now a person is injected with or drinks something infused with nano-particles and allows scientists a sharper image of the person’s body (Nanotech. Emerging Tool).When patients drink the dye for M. R. I. imaging the dye wouldn’t last. Now the nano-particles being used have a long shelf life inside the body and can be used in subsequent imaging sessions (Nanotech. Emerging T ool). With nanotechnology it is also possible to track an individual cell through its journey in the body (Nanotech. Emerging Tool). At this time the United States of America has invested three point seven billion dollars in its own nanotechnology program and most other developed countries are following suit (Nanotech. Wikipedia).Within the next fifteen years there are going to be some major leaps in technology due to the use of nanotechnology and the human life experience is going to be better than ever before in human history. It is already changing life as we know it and most people don’t even realize it. Works Cited Bennet-Woods, Debra. â€Å"Nanotecnology in Medicine:Implications of Converging Technologies on Humanity. † Nanotecnology in Medicine:Implications of Converging Technologies on Humanity. 49. 4 (2006): 54-59. Web. 8 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Bind biosciences presents clinical data on bind 014. † www. understandingnano. com. UNDERSTANDING NANO.COM, 3 22 201 3. Web. 3-22-2013. Ckakraborty, Mainak, Surangna Jain , and Vibha Rani. â€Å"Nanotechnology:Emerging Tool for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. † ProQuest. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 17 Aug 2011. Web. 8 Apr 2013. â€Å"Nanotechnology. † wikipedia. wikipedia, 4 7 2013. Web. 7 Apr 2013. (â€Å"Nanoparticles and Their applications. † Nanogloss. com. N. p. , 3 20 2013. Web. 3-20-2013. Williamson, Kenneth D. â€Å"Nanotechnology. † Charleston Newspapers 18 Nov 2007, Sunday Gazette 1C. Web. 8 Apr. 2013. ProQuest www. understandingnano. com. † www. understandingnano. com. understandingnano. com, 3 20 2013. Web. 8 Apr 2013.

History of film in Latin America Essay

Film is a medium of entertainment where sequence of images is projected on a screen creating an illusion of movement (Parkinson, 24). Film industry started in 19th century as a tool of entertainment, communication and mass media. The motion pictures technology had a great impact on politics and society at large (Ibid, 45). Latin America is the region in Central and South America. The region has 21 countries with the main languages being Spanish, French and Portuguese. Main races that occupy the regions are Amevidians, who are majority in Bolivia and Peru African, Asians, Caucasians, Mestizos, Mulletoes and Zambos. Most of Latin Americans are Christian and mostly catholic Christian . Latin America has a diverse culture, but generally, the Latin America culture is influenced by Africa culture especially in Brazil, Venezuela, Columbia, Haiti, Cuba and Costa Rica. Europe culture which were mainly brought by Spanish, Portuguese and French. And the native culture of people who inhabited the continent prior to arrival of Europeans (Parkinson, 61). Latin America has rich and diverse film industry. The industry started in mid 20th century as entertainment tool. Mexicans, Brazilian, Cubans and Argentineans have rich history in filming. They have also made significant step in development of film industry. In Argentina, cinema become prominent in first half of 20th C, however, it suffered during the 1976- 83 military dictatorship (Parkinson, 36). But the industry re-emerged and even produced the academy award winner, the official story in 1985. In Brazil, cinemas and movies become important tools in the society, in mid 20th century. Cuban cinema also developed tremendously especially after it enjoyed government support since the Cuban revolution. They have produced important film-makers like Tomas Gutierrez Alea. Mexican cinema in the golden era of 1940s greatly boasted the film industry. Mexican films have received recognition world over (Ibid, 54). Beside film being used as an entertainment tool, it has also been used as mass media tool to shape the political order in many Latin America countries. Political struggle to have government respect the citizen rights were mainly carried through the film medium. Latin America experienced many coups and revolution in first half of 20th century as people struggle for freedom and right which they were denied by the repressive regimes (Missing). Cinema and print media was used to call people to demand for their human rights and speak against cruelty by the repressive governments. Repression is control by holding the subject down. It amounts to forced subjugation (The Official Story). Human rights and freedom are basic rights to which all human beings are entitled to. They include civil, political, cultural, and economic rights. Examples of human rights and freedom includes right to life, right to liberty, freedom of expression, freedom from discrimination on any basis, freedom of assembly and association, freedom of worship and right of owning property etc. Many of political regimes in Latin America countries in early 20th century denied their citizen their basic rights. This precipitated revolution and social-political struggles most of which were met with crude repression (Men with Guns). Artist and film-maker, used cinemas, movies to express the people’s call for their civil rights. Literature artist also used their skills and knowledge to express the people’s call for their rights. One of the best film work set is Latin America that depict the political situation that was in 20th century is ‘Missing’. The movie was first released in 1987 in US and was directed by Costa-Gavras. It is a powerful political drama that revolve around the life before and after a 1973 coup is a south American – country (even though the movies does not reveal it refers to the Chile) which was very volatile the movie capture the who whole situation as it was, strict curfews, armed police terrosing people, many people close to 30,000 being killed, mass kidnapping, torture and ‘disappearance’ of people who were considered leaning to former regime (Missing). The movie is based on a true story of an America-activist and writer Charles Horman who disappeared in Chile at the height of America-backed violent military coup in 1978 (). This story was also in a book by Thomas Hauser. The film focuses on struggle of Horman wife Beth (Sissy Spacek) and conservative father End Horman (Jack Lemman) as they search for Charles. The film vividly show how the oppressive ruling junta oppressed people in the streets, both Sissy speak and her farther-in-law were stonewalled not only as the ruling military but also the America consulate (Missing). They only leant later that the American government had been betraying their effort to find Charles and that America government was friendly to the South America tyrant. Violation of human rights and repression is clearly present where the military dictator impose curfew and torture to all those who speak against the civil strife which was perpetuated by the ruling junta (Ibid,) The US government which also played key role in the coup also is keen to muffle all voices that were against the forced takeover. This is seen as the American embassy betrayed Ed (jack) and Beth (Sissy)’s effort to find and reconcile with Charles. Media and press freedom was suppressed as the writers and journalists were not allowed to cover the killings, torture, raping and kidnapping. Freedom of movement was denied as 24 hours curfew are enforced, there was gross violation of human right as people were butchered, kidnapped, jailed and women raped (). Violence existed as there was military and tyranny regime which disposed the civil government led by twice-elected Salvador Allende. President Salvador Allende led a leftist regime which the US government was keen to topple so on to reduce the spread of communism in the western world. The effort of CIA to block president Allende to vie for the second term by spreading propagandas and supporting dissidents to oppose Allende’s government also was a major driver that plugged Chile to civil strife. Violence is perpetrated by corrupt political regimes which are just out to fulfill their selfish interests (). Military machine is used to enforce cruel order and untold suffering to the citizen and mostly for those who are perceived as opposing the ruling power (). In this movie we have seen that, in civil strife, many citizens usually dies, other maimed and the survivors have to live with fear, and in a suppressed political environment (). Many who survive these ordeals use films and other mass media tools to express what they are going through and call for need to address their plight. Victims are the citizens while victimizers are politicians who fight to retain or get into power (). The film was an eye opener to what victims of coup have to undergo as selfish power hungry dictators fight to access or cling on power. It also pointed how influence from interested foreign government can bring hell on the life especially in politically volatile countries. The ‘Missing’ film describe how a south-America country goes through change of political regime from civil to military regime led by ruthless junta which caused gross human right violation (). The film explains well what civilians underwent in the 1973 coup the curfews, torture, kidnappings and ‘disappearance’ of those who voice out the suffering of the civilians (). The visual effects of events during and after the coup as shown in the movie has a strong emotional impact to the viewer that best explain and communicates human right violations and repression enforced by military. ‘Men with guns’ is an American political drama film written and directed by John Sayles. Set is unrevealed South American country it’s a story about a man who discovers political events that were going on in his country (Men with guns). It was first released in Canada in 1997 and was filmed in Mexico. The plot of the movie start as Dr. Fuentes (Federico Huppi) an old medical profession who had been teaching young people to provide health care to poverty-stricken citizen in a country where small-scale agricultural communities struggle to make end meet (Ibid). He is described as being ignorant of political event in his country. After Dr. Fuentes heard rumors that his former students are lost and possibly dead he decides to go and investigate the issue. Later Dr Fuentes discover that his student have been killed by ‘men with gun’ indicating that there has been people executing people who oppose them and damp them in the jungle (Men with guns). This was done to repress the guerillas who where opposing the junta rule, as Dr Fuentes moved deeper into the hill, he teams up with Padre porillo ( a defrocked priest who lost his faith), Domingo (a deserter from the army), conejo (a boy who survive by stealing) and Graciela (a woman who turned mute after she was raped). Dr Fuentes discovered that army officer were killing, torturing and raping those who were opposed to the military regime, especially young activist. Dr Fuentes’s journey describes clearly the weight of price to pay to bridge between not knowing and knowing, silence and acknowledgement assumption and truth (Men with guns). Just like ‘Missing’, this film exposes repression and human right violation meted out to civilians by military regimes. The victims are still citizens who struggle for their life and standing for their rights, freedoms and beliefs. The film depicts political process during 1960 – 80 where most Latin America countries experience revolution and military coups. Unlike the other, this film describes and emphasis the needs to find out what others in a country are going through. ‘Men with guns’ teaches us that although we are alone in our personal struggle to find information, freedom and right we are never alone in our common humanity struggle to freedom and rights. This is so on the doctor, the priest, the soldier, and the mute woman found themselves in same mission to get the truth and acknowledge it (Ibid). ‘The official story’ is another political thriller that revolves around story of a single family. Directed by Roger Ebert, it was first released in 1985 (The Official story). In the movie, Alicia is married to Robert, wealthy, powerful man with government connection. They have adopted a girl. Alicia is ignorant of political situation in Argentina until Anna an old high school friend enters in her life (Ibid). Anna narrated to Alicia how her lover a leftist ‘disappeared’ and she was kidnapped and tortured. She later discovers what was going on when she came across demonstration by family member of a missing person (). She began to realize that her husband was part of repressive government and their adopted child may be stolen from a mother who was a political prisoner (The Official story). Alicia meets an old woman who may be the grandmother of the adopted daughter and they become close (Ibid). They found strength in each other. Like the ‘Men with guns’ the movie demonstrates that there could be crimes being inflicted on other while certain class or group of people are innocently unaware. In this film, army officer are killing leftists and those who are opposed to the government. There is a gross violation of human rights and repression by government. The victims are the citizens who stand for their right. The movie clearly demonstrates how repressive regimes commit civil crime and mass murder without awareness, acknowledgement from the internal community. It vividly captures the political process that many Latin America counties went through in late 20h century (The Official story). ‘Of Love and Shadows’ is a political drama novel written by Isabel Allende. Isabel is a Chilean writer who is president Salvador Allende’s niece (Isabel, 42). The book is a story of love and shadows of political commitment. The story centers on a daughter of a wealthy family and son of a Spanish exile with whom she becomes involved (Ibid, 32). Both of them, as a reporter and photographer, uncovered a hideout crime that puts not only their love but also their life at risk. The book is set in a country under military dictatorship where arrest, disappearance and executions are rampant. Irene a reporter and Francisco a photographer are prepared to risk everything for the sake of truth and justice. They discovered crimes by the ruling military to those who opposed or undermine the military regime. At the end Irene, a daughter of a wealthy family which was backing the military regime and Francisco, son of a Marxist professor who was opposed to junta rule, are caught up in terror and violence (Ibid, 46). Like the three films, this book is about repressive regimes that was common in many South American countries in the late 20th century . The victim are citizens who stand against the repression and human right violation. This book demonstrates what majority of Latin American went through during revolution and political regimes coups. The novel helped to create awareness of crimes that military regime and political tyrant inflicted on citizens and hence call for intervention. The book vividly describes physical, mental and psychological effects of crime and human right violation to individual and society as whole. It shows that love can overcome hate as the two passionate lovers marshal on despite what they go through (Isabel, 76). ‘Child of dark’ is a diary written by Carolina Maria de Jesus in 1960. The diary contains what Carolina went through in her life in a slum of Sao Paulo, Brazil (Lavine, 24). The dairy contains what Carolina faced in her life as a fevelado (slum dweller) and political and social facts which were present during Carolina life. She writes how poverty and desperation caused people to compromise their dignity to get food (Ibid, 35). Carolina vividly describe the dreadful life around her life, but despite these she forget to have better life and gave her three children the best through writing (Lavine, 45). Her writing drew attention of politician who tried to involve agencies to give relief to the poor, however these projected faded. This diary shows how government avoided the social welfare obligations to the poor citizens as they focus on upper income class welfare (Ibid, 84). In conclusion, the three films and the literature works where very important in advocating for the writes of the citizen and exposing violation by some government. The films demonstrated the political history of Latin America countries and political process they underwent to achieve democracy and political freedom.

Book We Will Be Reading For Our Presentation - 1419 Words

Diary # 3 In our group activity today we discussed which book we will be reading for our presentation. The hardest part of this activity that we faced as a group was that we couldn’t decide which book we were going to use for our group proposal. Jaleesa. Aleksandra and myself choose â€Å"How Children Succeed† and Sasha and Dejean choose â€Å"Willpower†. Although this might have not seemed hard, it absolutely was for us because Professor Olson suggested that one or two of us should choose a different book in order for us to variety of books used during the group proposal. The easiest part of this activity that we faced as a group was when we had to explain our reasoning for picking that specific book. Throughout the group activity all of the group members acted wonderfully with each other. We have all become comfortable with each other and really enjoy communicating with each other. During this group experience I acted more relaxed and comfortable compared to how I was behaving during my group activity. During this activity our group talked about several different topics such as, the book of our choice for the group proposal, our type of design or idea that we might us when we are presenting our proposal. During my group activity I told the group members that I wanted to make a power point of my book. I also told them they I was kind of nervous to make my proposal in front of everyone because I tend to forget everything when I have all eyes are on me. In order to helpShow MoreRelatedBook We Will Be Reading For Our Presentation1444 Words   |  6 PagesIn our group activity today we discussed which book we will be reading for our presentation. The hardest part of this activ ity that we faced as a group was that we couldn’t decide which book we were going to use for our group proposal. Jaleesa. 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